Idaho Federal Criminal Law

Idaho Federal Criminal Law Review — Districts & Circuits

By John D. Kirby, Former U.S. Federal Prosecutor ·

Which federal district court(s) and circuit handle federal criminal cases arising in Idaho, and the statutes that govern federal prosecutions.

Federal Criminal Law in Idaho at a Glance

Judicial District(s)
District of Idaho
Circuit
Ninth Circuit
Circuit Seat
San Francisco, California
Key Statute
18 U.S.C. § 3231
Original federal criminal jurisdiction over offenses against the laws of the United States.

The Federal Judicial District(s) Covering Idaho

28 U.S.C. § 92 defines the federal judicial district(s) for Idaho:

“Idaho, exclusive of Yellowstone National Park, constitutes one judicial district.” — 28 U.S.C. § 92

Appeals from those district courts go to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Circuit membership is set by 28 U.S.C. § 41, which lists Idaho among the states of the Ninth Circuit.

Federal Criminal Appellate Review for Cases Arising in Idaho

Jurisdiction
Original federal criminal jurisdiction
18 U.S.C. § 3231
“The district courts of the United States shall have original jurisdiction, exclusive of the courts of the States, of all offenses against the laws of the United States.”
Recent decision
United States v. Salazar Del Real
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · August 17, 2026 · No. 25-6475
“The panel held that the Attorney General cannot do so. Although the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 (FVRA) provides that a first assistant automatically succeeds to a vacant office, that rule of automatic succession applies only to a first assistant who held that position at the time the vacancy arose; it does not apply to a first assistant who never served under a validly appointed official.” Read the opinion at CourtListener.
Circuit
Appeals are heard by the Ninth Circuit
28 U.S.C. § 41 · ca9.uscourts.gov
“In the federal system, 94 district courts are organized into 12 regional circuits. Each circuit has its own court of appeals that reviews cases decided in U.S. district courts within the circuit.” The Ninth Circuit sits in San Francisco, California.

Additional research notes are published as new court decisions are issued.

Primary sources

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